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ECGs: Digital multi-lead (surface)

Technique

Pharmacology (Safety), Cardiovascular System, Toxicology

Digital multi-lead (surface) electrocardiograms (ECGs) record cardiac electrical activity via electrodes placed on the skin. A range of ECG devices are available including the 12-lead ECG, multichannel ECG (MECG) and Holter monitor.

The Holter is used for long-term monitoring. The standard device is the 12-lead ECG connected with ten electrodes; six limb leads record electrical voltages transmitted onto the frontal plane of the body and six precordial leads record voltages transmitted onto the horizontal plane. Collectively, a 3D view of atrial and ventricular depolarization and repolarization is established. 

ECGs and MECGs are mostly utilized for short-term clinical monitoring of cardiac disorders including arrhythmias, acute coronary syndromes and drug/electrolyte disturbances. Wireless body sensors are the latest stance in ECG monitoring.

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